(2019SP1-SOSC-3025-04) Social Science Research Methods

M1 Workshop - Brainstorm a Research Problem

This Discussion is Graded as Workshop 1

The following questions/issues will lead the discussion of this topic; you can add your own questions.

Let us try to brainstorm some ideas for research problems. I propose some major areas and you can propose others:

• effects of mass communication media,
• issues associated with teenagers or adolescence,
• quality of social services in the community,
• behavior of people in organizations,
• psychological experiments,
• population studies, and
• criminal behavior.

Formulate questions within these or other areas that can be studied through qualitative or quantitative approaches. Borrow ideas from your colleagues and present alternate questions. Do Internet searches about these broad areas in order to get in virtual contact with your subject of study.

What constitutes a good research hypothesis? Give examples of good and bad hypotheses. Do hypotheses have something to do with the strategy of research that you choose? Explain the relationship between your hypothesis and your research strategy if there is one. Formulate hypotheses respect to the problems identified in the previous question.

Qualitative research is usually not aimed to test hypothesis, but it is a powerful tool for generating hypotheses. In which ways could you use your qualitative, experiential knowledge about the issues mentioned above in order to generate hypotheses? Reflect about a case that you know in any of those areas and try to formulate a valid hypothesis.

You are expected to contribute at least twice in this discussion, and remember to respond to a minimum of two other people's postings. Review the workshop evaluation rubric.

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(2019SP1-SOSC-3025-04) Social Science Research Methods

M1 Research Journal

1. Write a clearly stated research question. Check for clarity and focus of the problem.
    
2. To determine if your problem is viable, ask yourself the following questions:  Is the problem encapsulated in a single question? Is it clear that this problem can be approached through social science research (instead of theoretical or speculative reasoning or natural science methodology)? Is it clear that you have no bias as you study this problem? If you were going to study this problem for real, could it be accomplished with reasonable expenditure of time and money? Refine your research question after you have considered these questions.
    
3. Look at your research question and reflect on the following questions: Does it have potential for providing important information? Good research problems are usually more complex than yes/no questions. Is it focused enough that you could design a research proposal that would address your question and provide answers? Write a short justification for your problem and cite at least two previous research studies to support your claim.
    
4. At the bottom of the paragraph, include full references of the previous research in APA style.

Instructions: Enter or paste your written work and/or click "Attachments" to upload your files. Click here for expectations for research journal submissions.

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SOSC-3025-04 - Social Science Research Methods

M2 Research Journal

Assignment

1. Submit an annotated bibliography using APA style for your research project. A minimum of ten academic sources is required. Review Massey University's Identifying Academic Sources  if you are not sure if a source is academic. For an annotated bibliography, provide a brief paragraph describing EACH reference.
2. Identify and describe at least three key ideas that you have gleaned from these readings in a brief essay (suggested length is 3 brief paragraphs). Consider what you learned from reading these references. How does it justify the need for your own proposed research? This will be the foundation for the literature review that you write for your final research proposal.

Review the assessment rubric  for Research Journal 2.

Examples of APA format:

• For a book, with one author:
  Baddeley, A. D. (1999). Essentials of human memory. Hove, England: Psychology Press.
   
• For a book with two or more authors:
  Beck, C. A. J., & Sales, B. D. (2001). Family mediation: Facts, myths, and future prospects. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   
• For a journal article:Saywitz, K. J., Mannarion, A. P., Berliner, L., & Cohen, J. A. (2000). Treatment for sexually abused children and adolescents. American Psychologist, 55, 1040-1049.
   
• Article from an Internet journal:Fredrickson, B. L. (2000, March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention & Treatment, 3, Article 0001a. Retrieved November 20, 2000, from:
  http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume3/pre0030001a.html
   
• Regular web page from Internet:
  Chou, L., McClintock, R., Moretti, F., & Nix, D. H. (1993). Technology and education: New wine in new bottles: Choosing pasts and imagining educational futures. Retrieved August 24, 2000, from Columbia University, Institute for Learning Technologies website: http://www.ilt.columbia.edu/publications/papers/newwine1.html

You can get additional information regarding APA style  and annotated bibliography  from Purdue's Online Writing Lab (OWL).

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SOSC-3025-04) Social Science Research Methods

M2 Workshop

Solomon McBride, right center, a medical administrator of Holmesburg's human research, questions a test subject in H. Block in February 1966. In the decades after World War II, few opposed medical experiments on prisoners. By 1969, fully 85 percent of new drugs were tested on inmates in 42 prisons. (AP Photo/@Urban Archives/Temple University)

This module's readings and videos include four case studies (Humphrey's Tea Room, Milgram's Obediance study, Stanford's Prison Experiment, Goffman's "On the Run"). Briefly discuss the ethical considerations of each of these studies. Did you find ethical violations in any of these studies?  If so, how would you adapt these studies to adhere to ethical standards?

Once you have considered these cases, comment upon potential ethical issues in your research project. How will you ensure voluntary participation? What potential harm may come to the participant? How will you address issues of anonymity and confidentiality?

Please post a response, and remember to respond to a minimum of two other people's postings. Review the workshop evaluation rubric.

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SOSC-3025-04 - Social Science Research Methods

Question 1

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An independent variable is a:

Select one:

a. theoretical concept

b. variable influencing other variables

c. variable influenced by other variables

d. set of attributes

e. either a variable influencing other variables or a variable influenced by others

Question 2

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Thinking about her classes, Sally realizes that she speaks a lot in the three classes where the instructor is female and that she rarely speaks in the two classes with male instructors. She begins to list all her college courses, the gender of the professor and whether or not she spoke in the class. She notices that she tends to speak in classes where the instructor is female and rarely speaks when the instructor is male. Sally is using:

Select one:

a. inductive reasoning

b. qualitative analysis

c. deductive reasoning

d. ordinary human inquiry

e. all of these choices

Question 3

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Qualitative explanations tend to be _________ and quantitative explanations tend to be ___ :

Select one:

a. both tend to be idiographic

b. both tend to be nomothetic

c. idiographic, nomothetic

d. nomothetic, idiographic

e. there is no tendency

Question 4

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Which of the following illustrates the use of the inductive method?

Select one:

a. Hypothesis, observations, accept or reject hypothesis

b. Observations, pattern finding, and generalizations

c. Theory, hypothesis, observations, generalizations

d. Theory, observations, and generalizations

e. Generalizations, theory, and observations

Question 5

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A ____ is a testable statement about a relationship between two variables.

Select one:

a. theory

b. paradigm

c. relationship

d. empirical correlation

e. hypothesis

Question 6

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Which of the following statements BEST fits Dunlap’s definition of a hypothesis?

Select one:

a. Gender is related to jury verdict

b. Gender is positively related to jury verdict

c. Gender is negatively related to jury verdict

d. Women are positively related to jury verdicts

e. Women are more likely than men to acquit on jury verdicts

Question 7

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Which of the following statements BEST exemplifies a null hypothesis?

Select one:

a. There is no relationship between gender and jury verdict

b. Men are more likely than women to vote to convict on juries

c. Women are more likely than men to vote to acquit on juries

d. Men are more likely to hang a jury (create a jury that cannot arrive at a verdict) than are women

e. Men are more likely than women to vote to convict and women are more likely than men to vote to acquit on juries

Question 8

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The topic of surrogate mothers interested Professor Snyder. Snyder read the available materials on the topic and wanted to develop an age, education, and income profile of women who serve as surrogate mothers in the United States. To develop this profile, Snyder should undertake a(n):

Select one:

a. trend study

b. descriptive study

c. explanatory study

d. panel study

e. cohort study

Question 9

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There is a strong correlation between the number of firefighters that show up at a fire and the amount of damage produced by the fire. The size of the fire influences both the number of firefighters and the amount of damage. This illustrates that the relationship between the number of firefighters and the amount of damage is:

Select one:

a. caused by a third factor

b. causal

c. not correlational

d. a real relationship

e. cannot tell from the information given

Question 10

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Professor Root was studying the arrest rates for drunken driving in urban and rural areas of Ohio. It was found that the arrest rate was higher in the rural areas. Professor Root concluded that people who live in rural areas are more likely to drive while intoxicated than are people who live in urban areas. Root's conclusion illustrates the:

Select one:

a. ecological fallacy

b. individualistic fallacy

c. usefulness of good deductive reasoning

d. importance of trend studies

e. reductionist fallacy

Question 11

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A single U.S. Census is a:

Select one:

a. cross-sectional study

b. panel study

c. time series study

d. trend study

e. longitudinal study

Question 12

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The 2000 Census is a ________ study that when used with another decennial census could be considered a ________ study.

Select one:

a. cross-sectional, trend

b. cross-sectional, panel

c. cross-sectional, cohort

d. cross-sectional, cross-sectional

e. trend, cohort

Question 13

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Abstracts

Select one:

a. should give you a good idea as to whether you will want to read the rest of the article

b. should give you a framework for reading the rest of the article

c. may raise questions in your mind regarding methods or conclusions

d. may create an agenda to pursue in reading the article

e. all of these choices are correct

Question 14

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Which of the following is NOT plagiarism?

Select one:

a. Using another writer's exact words without using quotation marks

b. Taking a passage of eight or more words without a citation

c. Editing anothers words and presenting those as your own

d. Paraphrasing anothers words and presenting those as your own

e. All of these choices illustrate plagiarism

Question 15

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Which of the following statements is FALSE about the purpose of a literature review? Literature reviews should:

Select one:

a. point out general agreements and disagreements among previous researchers

b. show where your research fits into the general body of scientific knowledge

c. lay the groundwork for your study

d. show why your research may have value in the larger scheme of things

e. all of these choices about literature reviews are TRUE

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